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Besides Mesoamerica, the Hohokam carried on a wide trade network between the Anasazi and the Mogollon. Located between Phoenix and Tucson, the Casa Grande ruins were built by the Hohokam. Hohokam settlements were spread from the Tucson Basin, into the Phoenix area, and as far north as present-day Flagstaff. Some of these canals were up to fifty feet wide and dug with massive organized labor using stone tools (Walker). 300 and 500, the Hohokam constructed over a thousand miles of irrigation canals. Although the Hohokam relied a great deal on hunting and gathering, they were good farmers and water engineers. They built rectangular pithouses and lived in small villages. The Hohokam Indians settled in the Gila and Salt River valleys of southern Arizona around 300 B.C. Despite this, the Mogollon Indians had abandoned the mountains by 1200 A.D. Deer, antelope, and other wild game were plentiful in the Mogollon Mountains. had good soil and abundant moisture for growing maize. The mountainous region where the Mogollon lived between 9 A.D. The use of agricultural plants necessitated moving from pithouses to more permanent villages. The Mogollon Indians were initially hunter-gatherers, but as their civilization advanced, they acquired corn, squash, beans, tobacco, and cotton from Mesoamerica. The Mogollon culture eventually expanded to the southern rim of the Colorado Plateau. The Mogollon (mo-ge-yōn) people occupied mountainous areas of Arizona and New Mexico in approximately 200 B.C.
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In trade with Mesoamerica, they exchanged turquoise for parrot feathers, copper bells, maize (corn), beans, squash, and cotton (Taylor). To varying degrees, the Anasazi, Hohokam, and Mogollon were influenced by the Indians of central Mexico. Except for dogs and turkeys, these Prehistoric tribes did not have domesticated animals, a system of writing, or the wheel.
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The Southwest Indians had broad similarities in their cultures, but they had distinct languages and political unity. The names, Mogollon, Hohokam, Anasazi, and later Fremont, were given by archeologists to these Prehistoric Indians. This article on the "Ancient Ones" is based on archeological studies, and is not intended to reflect on the religious beliefs of anyone. None of the religious origin beliefs stand up under the scrutiny of scientific and archeological evidence, but this does not mean the religious beliefs are wrong. The Southwest Pueblo Indians of today are direct decedents of the Prehistoric Indian Cultures that raised corn, irrigated fields, and built massive stone structures in Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde hundreds of years before the first recorded Europeans even saw North America.Īmerican Indians have their own origin beliefs, just as do Christians, Jews, Moslems, Buddhists, and other religious groups. Corn, beans, and squash become so important in most Indian Cultures that they were known as.The Three Sisters. During the late Archaic Period, corn and then beans and squash provided the means for a settled village lifestyle.
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and one hundred A.D., the Southwest Indians turned toward agriculture to supplement their food source. Archaic Indians moved with changing seasons and environments, but Anasazi, Mogollon, and Hohokam Indians did not range over the vast distances covered by the big game hunters of the late Pleistocene period or the Archaic Indians.